Diseño e implementación de políticas de seguridad perimetral y de acceso en infraestructura de red corporativa de tres capas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64973/6tmzr113Keywords:
Seguridad de redes, VLAN, control de acceso, DMZ, Cisco Packet Tracer, Zero TrustAbstract
El presente estudio tiene como objetivo diseñar e implementar un conjunto integral de políticas de seguridad perimetral y de control de acceso en una red corporativa basada en una arquitectura jerárquica de tres capas (núcleo, distribución y acceso). La investigación se desarrolló bajo un enfoque aplicado y experimental, utilizando el simulador Cisco Packet Tracer para modelar una infraestructura realista que integra segmentación mediante VLAN, control de tráfico inter-VLAN mediante listas de control de acceso (ACL), mecanismos de seguridad de capa 2 como Port-Security, DHCP Snooping y Dynamic ARP Inspection, así como la implementación de una zona desmilitarizada (DMZ) y alta disponibilidad mediante HSRP. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que la segmentación lógica permitió aislar dominios de seguridad y reducir la propagación de amenazas, mientras que las políticas de control de acceso limitaron el tráfico únicamente a los flujos autorizados. Asimismo, los mecanismos de capa 2 demostraron ser efectivos para mitigar ataques internos como DHCP rogue y ARP spoofing, y la arquitectura perimetral logró exponer servicios públicos de forma controlada sin comprometer la red interna. Se concluye que la integración de estos mecanismos dentro de una arquitectura coherente permite fortalecer significativamente la seguridad de redes corporativas, garantizando la continuidad operativa, reduciendo la superficie de ataque y alineándose con principios de defensa en profundidad y control de acceso basado en mínima confianza.
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